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- Hygge, Staffan
(author)
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Noise : effects on health
- 2007. - 2
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In: Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521605106 - 9780521879972 - 9780511543579 ; , s. 137-141
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Noise: nature and measurement Noise is often defined as unwanted sound or sounds that have an adverse effect on humans. What is sweet music for one person may be noise to someone else. Thus, noise is a psychological construct influenced both by physical and psychosocial properties. Sound is created by the rapidly changing pressure of air molecules at the eardrum. A single tone, such as that from a tuning fork, can be depicted as a fixed wavelength sinusoidal pressure distribution across time. The number of pressure cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz), is the basis for the sensation of pitch. A healthy young ear is sensitive to sounds between approximately 20 Hz and up to 20 kHz. The amplitude of the sine wave is perceived as loudness. To accommodate the wide dynamic power range of the human ear a logarithmic magnitude scale for sounds has been introduced. Its unit is the decibel (dB). Adding two independent sound sources of the same dB-level will yield a sum that is ≈3 dB higher than one of them alone. The subjective effect of a change in 3 dB amounts to a just perceptible change. A change of around 10 dB is needed to experience the sound as twice as loud. The hearing threshold for pure tones is lowest in the frequency range 500–4000 Hz, which also is the range where human speech has its maximum energy content.
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- Hygge, Staffan, 1944-
(author)
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Noise and cognition in children
- 2011
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In: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Volume 4. - Burlington : Elsevier. - 9780444522733 ; , s. 146-151
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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- Hygge, Staffan, 1944-
(author)
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Noise and cognition in children
- 2019
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In: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health. - : Elsevier. - 9780444639523 - 9780444639516 ; , s. 655-660
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Reading, memory, and learning are the cognitive processes in children that are most affected by noise exposure. Field studies of chronic noise exposure with adequate methodological controls and experimental studies of acute noise exposure both come to similar conclusions on how noise affects reading, memory, and learning of written material. The experimental studies also provide insights to the details of the causal link from noise exposure to impaired memory, in particular showing the importance of the immediate cognitive processing in working memory of the material to be read or memorized. It is expected that further advances in research on working memory will become an emerging theoretical perspective in the area of how noise affects children’s cognition. It is also expected that the current research on reading, memory, and learning of written material will be supplemented with more research on how spoken material is cognitively processed by children when exposed to noise. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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